Articles on frontend engineering, fintech, micro-frontends, and AI by Kushal S T.https://resume.kushalst.com/enhttps://resume.kushalst.com/writing/environmental-footprint-of-a-prompt/https://resume.kushalst.com/writing/environmental-footprint-of-a-prompt/What actually happens in water, energy, and carbon every time you hit Enter on an AI prompt - from 0.24 Wh text queries to 290 Wh agentic workflows - and the prompting habits that shrink the bill.Sat, 22 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMTAISustainabilityData CentersEnergyhttps://resume.kushalst.com/writing/prompting-is-the-new-search/https://resume.kushalst.com/writing/prompting-is-the-new-search/We spent twenty-five years compressing our questions into awkward keywords; conversational AI flips that loop into stateful, context-rich dialogue. How the shift from link discovery to synthetic answers is reshaping decisions, research, and the web itself.Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMTAISearchLLMUXhttps://resume.kushalst.com/writing/ai-fatigue-paradox/https://resume.kushalst.com/writing/ai-fatigue-paradox/Outsourcing the 'easy' tasks to AI removed the mental rest stops from the workday, replacing them with micro-vigilance, prompt-tweaking loops, and inflated output quotas. Why delegating to AI is quietly burning knowledge workers out, and four fixes to break the cycle.Sun, 09 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMTAIProductivityBurnoutFuture of Workhttps://resume.kushalst.com/writing/axios-supply-chain-attack-2026/https://resume.kushalst.com/writing/axios-supply-chain-attack-2026/A hijacked maintainer account shipped poisoned axios releases carrying a typosquatted 'phantom dependency' that dropped RATs through postinstall scripts. How caret and tilde version ranges spread the malware automatically, and the pinning, npm ci, and --ignore-scripts practices that stop it.Thu, 02 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMTSecuritySupply ChainnpmJavaScripthttps://resume.kushalst.com/writing/beyond-fingerprintjs/https://resume.kushalst.com/writing/beyond-fingerprintjs/Browser fingerprints break the moment a user switches from Chrome to Safari. A blueprint for cross-browser device identification that anchors on hardware signals - GPU renderer, audio stack latency, screen geometry - plus server-side fuzzy matching to handle entropy collisions.Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMTFingerprintingSecurityFraud preventionJavaScripthttps://resume.kushalst.com/writing/shadow-ai-enterprise/https://resume.kushalst.com/writing/shadow-ai-enterprise/When engineers quietly lean on unvetted AI tools, they leave behind 'Ghost AI' - unowned code, invisible data bridges, and IP leaks. What Shadow AI actually costs an enterprise, and how governance beats a ban.Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMTShadow AISecurityAI GovernanceEnterprisehttps://resume.kushalst.com/writing/deterministic-ai-state-machines/https://resume.kushalst.com/writing/deterministic-ai-state-machines/LLMs are probabilistic guessers, which makes free-roaming agents a liability in production. Why wrapping agents in state machines - with tools like LangGraph and n8n - buys you reliability, error handling, and observability.Mon, 19 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMTAI AgentsState machinesLLMsArchitecturehttps://resume.kushalst.com/writing/aeps-explained/https://resume.kushalst.com/writing/aeps-explained/How the Aadhaar Enabled Payment System lets anyone withdraw cash, deposit money, or check a balance with just an Aadhaar number and a fingerprint - how a transaction actually flows, why it matters for financial inclusion, and how to stay safe using it.Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMTFintechAePSPaymentsIndiahttps://resume.kushalst.com/writing/securing-react-agentic-ai/https://resume.kushalst.com/writing/securing-react-agentic-ai/AI agents now browse and click through your React app - and they can be tricked into doing things a human never would. Practical defences: scrubbing UI text for prompt injection, WebAuthn proof-of-intent for sensitive actions, DOM honeypots, and a stricter CSP.Thu, 15 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMTReactSecurityAgentic AIFrontendhttps://resume.kushalst.com/writing/micro-frontends-2026-guide/https://resume.kushalst.com/writing/micro-frontends-2026-guide/A pragmatic look at micro-frontends with Module Federation - why independent deploys and domain-split teams are worth it, the performance and security taxes you pay, and when a monolith is still the right call.Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMTMicro-frontendsArchitectureModule FederationFrontendhttps://resume.kushalst.com/writing/localstorage-wrapper/https://resume.kushalst.com/writing/localstorage-wrapper/Why localStorage's lack of expiry and plain-text storage keep biting web developers, and how a zero-dependency TypeScript wrapper - @kushalst/local-storage-expiry - adds per-key TTL and lightweight XOR+Base64 obfuscation to fix both.Sat, 27 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMTlocalStorageTypeScriptnpmWeb developmenthttps://resume.kushalst.com/writing/screen-resolutions-ui-testing/https://resume.kushalst.com/writing/screen-resolutions-ui-testing/The desktop, mobile, and tablet resolutions worth putting in every UI test suite - from 1920x1080 down to potato-PC 1280x720 - and how to add each one as a custom emulated device in Chrome DevTools.Tue, 21 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMTUI testingChrome DevToolsFrontendResponsive designhttps://resume.kushalst.com/writing/mac-setup-web-development/https://resume.kushalst.com/writing/mac-setup-web-development/A checklist for turning a fresh Mac into a web-dev machine: Homebrew, iTerm2, the fish shell, Rectangle, Alfred, VS Code with a starter set of extensions, Fira Code, and Node.Sat, 19 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMTmacOSWeb developmentToolingSetuphttps://resume.kushalst.com/writing/discord-notifications-google-forms/https://resume.kushalst.com/writing/discord-notifications-google-forms/Wire a Google Form to a Discord channel in five steps: grab a webhook, drop a small Apps Script into the form's Script Editor, and add an onSubmit trigger that posts each response as a rich embed.Sat, 03 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMTDiscordGoogle FormsWebhooksAutomation